Descaetes What Is Error Essay - 1478 Words

Prior to his method on error, Descartes has already proven a pair of foundational beliefs. In meditation one, Descartes proved that he was â€Å"a thinking thing† and that in order to be a thinking thing, â€Å"I exist†. In mediation three, he proved that God exists due to the fact that in order to have an idea of God, one must already have the idea innately implanted in their mind. Since Descartes is finite he believes that God innately implanted the thought of an infinite perfect being in his mind, so therefore God exists. The concept of where error comes from and why error occurs, arise in meditation four. He begins by claiming that God is not the source of error. Descartes states â€Å"It is impossible for God to ever deceive me, for trickery is†¦show more content†¦Ideas cannot be a source of error, because they take place in our own mind, and no one can prove or challenge that they exist in the external world. In making an idea, one cannot make a mistake or be right about anything because to have an idea of something makes no claim about it being found in some other thing. The idea exists alone in the mind of the person making an idea. Building off the thought of an idea is a judgment. According to Descartes, judgments are applying our ideas to the external world, trying to affirm or deny something as they have an objective reality. He states that judgments are a key component to why we can commit errors. For example to affirm or deny that a certain store has exactly ten people in it would be a presumed judgment on reality. You are not only taking the idea of the amount of people in a store, but trying to apply it to the external world, which can lead to error. By sheer luck you may be correct in some cases, or you may be wrong. It is in making judgments that human beings can error. In meditation three Descartes states â€Å"the principal and most frequent error to be found in judgments consists in the fact that I judge that the i deas which are in me are similar to or in conformity with certain things outside of me† (Descartes Meditation 3, 36). When ideas that are within the mind are brought

The Uniform Commercial Code Free Essays

The Uniform Commercial Code By Wesley Shropshire Abstract The Uniform Commercial Code has many requirements and laws that govern it not only in trading within our country but also in trading internationally. It has been brought into question if we as a nation need to make some serious changes or update some of the laws when it comes to trading internationally. If we leave it like it is then many problems can arise and make most big business discouraged or even stop trading internationally altogether. We will write a custom essay sample on The Uniform Commercial Code or any similar topic only for you Order Now With this being the case it makes it very hard when deciding what the effect the U. C. C. as on international commerce and there will be many factors brought up on to which side it leans toward. The Uniform Commercial Code The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), a comprehensive code addressing most aspects of commercial law, is generally viewed as one of the most important developments in American law. The UCC text and draft revisions are written by experts in commercial law and submitted as drafts for approval to the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (now referred to as the Uniform Law Commissioners), in collaboration with the American Law Institute. (Uniform Commercial Code, (n. . ). Attorneys, which are the Commissioners include federal and state judges also including law professors and legislators, are able to practice law throughout the U. S. These organizations decide and meet on whether to send drafts back for revision or if they should endorse them. Most of the time it does not involve only one revision but after deciding to endorse them the states are forced to adopt these rules by the Uniform Law Commissioners. Since the Uniform Commercial Code, which is a model code, does not always have jurisdiction in a legal effect unless the legislatures as statutes enact them. Domestic transaction† means a transaction other than an international transaction. â€Å"International transaction† means a transaction that bears a reasonable relation to a country other than the United States. (UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE, (n. d). Computers and technology has grown rapidly over the past fifteen years, and this has enhanced the growth of financial markets globally which has led to around the clock trading in foreign exchange, financial instruments, and securities. Services and goods in international trade have also grown in speed and volume. Since the growth and change in technology settlements of payments in these transactions has sped up how fast they can receive these payments. Because of this money is being moved around the world faster than ever before. The economic significance of national boundaries to large corporations and financial institutions is being reduced. These trends in transactions, payments, and transnational operation of corporations have led to commercial pressure for greater certainty and uniformity in the law governing international transactions. (The Effect of Uniform Commercial Code, (n. . ). In these international transactions you have to worry about more jurisdiction laws taking place. Rules of private international laws will be the deciding factor into which jurisdiction laws that will be enforced. When it comes to commercial interests many are against this grey area of unknown and look for certainty in which legal rules in these international transactions to reduce and correctly measure the legal risks they may be taking. They also are pushing for the unvarying of these rules throughout jurisdictions in order to lower compliance costs. Because of the pressure for more uniformity and certainty in international transactions and the legal rules they are governed by, the private international law rules are being added to too bring together the legal rules at hand in international conventions to be foreseen across the nations. There has been little to no attention paid to what these international laws represent and I think and the United States should make it a part of their laws. With this being said pressure is rising on responsibilities of state and federal governments to fit these international developments and should deserve more attention than what they are receiving. The Uniform Commercial Code will reach a point where the process will need to be revised and when it takes place it will put these processes to the test. Because of failure in the enactment process there has been a lot of doubt on the uniform law process and its vitality, and this has caused even more doubt that changes can be made on an international level. If the United States ratified all existing conventions and implemented those treaties on a federal level, a good portion of the Uniform Commercial Code would be preempted (Amelia H. Boss, (n. d. The Future of the Uniform Commercial Code Process in an Increasingly International World), and if this happened the Uniform Commercial Code as a whole would be brought into serious questioning. References Uniform Commercial Code, (n. d. ) Retrieved from http://law. duke. edu UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE, (n. d) Retrieved from http://www. law. cornell. edu The Effect of Uniform Commercial Code, (n. d. ) Retrieved from http://digitalcommons. lmu . edu Amelia H. Boss, (n. d. ) The Future of the Uniform Commercial Code Process in an Increasingly International World How to cite The Uniform Commercial Code, Essay examples

Reflective Paper for Human Resource Management- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discss about theReflective Paper for Human Resource Management. Answer: Validity can be achieved by forming and gathering evidence that distinguishes the theoretical and practical leadership models (HALLINGER, 2003). A lot of literature should be reconciled to gather information about what is entailed in each framework. As a researcher I should be able to use my analytical skills to observe the difference between the two leadership models based on research and what I observe in practical. The issue of validity can be well analyzed as internal or external to boost our understanding on the subject matter. Under internal validity offers sufficient evidence to substantiate the claim at the same time helps us to observe whether the experiment makes a difference on the outcome. On the other hand, in external validity the research builds depends on general theories to generalize a condition in a given setting. I would embrace instructional leadership model in case I want to boost the performance of the stakeholders of the organization. Instructional leadership to a great extent contributes to the performance of institution and the general outcome of each individual (Denton,2012). From the idea of the two dimensions of leadership (direct and indirect) we can deduce that direct leadership is meant to improve teaching while indirect leadership focuses on creating humble environment for optimal teaching and learning (HALLINGER, 2003). There is ample evidence from the previous that has pinpointed those principals who embrace impeccable leadership skills positively enhance the performance standards of schools but also reflect on the student outcomes through better performance References Denton,D.K. (2012). To manage change, manage the big picture.Human Resource Management International Digest,20(6), 35-42. doi:10.1108/09670731211260898 HALLINGER, P., (2003) Leading Educational Change: reflections on the practice of instructional and transformational leadership, Cambridge Journal of Education, 33:3, 329-352, DOI: 10.1080/0305764032000122005

Rise of Christianity in Medieval Europe

Christianity started humbly as a Jewish sect in Roman-dominated Palestine, but it grew to become a continental and world religion in the middle ages. Certain qualities in Christianity were responsible for this radical outcome. First, Jesus’ message represented a radical departure from traditional religions at the time.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rise of Christianity in Medieval Europe specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, the early Church remained zealous about their calling to spread the message. Several social and cultural features attracted the Gentiles to the faith. However, this growth changed dramatically in the middle ages when the Roman Catholic Church took up political responsibilities. Jesus’ message was a ‘revolution’ during those ancient times. He claimed that he was the messiah. He added that he was the only way that Yahweh would restore the Israelites to their former glory (McManners 9). The Israelites had gone through numerous trails and tribulations. Jesus claimed that he would save them from these afflictions. They would realize their complete liberation through him. This was something that other notable Israelites had never claimed before. Furthermore, Jesus stated that he was the son of God and that he had come to die for other people’s sins. In the past, Israelites made atonement for their sin through animal sacrifices. However, when Jesus came, he claimed that he would save them from their sins through his death. He articulated this during the Passover feast in the temple. At the time, Jesus said that, through his death, he would do for Israel what they could not do for themselves. Jesus’ message was something akin to a revolution because it represented the presence of God among the Israelites. Before this, God had sent other messengers to deliver information to the Jews, but this time, it was God himself who was liv ing among the people. The Israelites believed that God manifested himself through the use of the Torah, divine wisdom, and the temple, but with Jesus’ entry, a different manifestation took effect. His work was also symptomatic of this very message. Jesus’ message was not the only thing that caused a lot of controversy among the Jewish population. The Jews and the Romans had numerous political, social and religious reasons why they opposed this man. They thought of him as a threat to the Roman Empire. During Jesus’ death, Pilate was Judea’s ruler; he felt responsible for the maintenance of peace in this area.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since the Jewish authorities wanted him dead, he felt obligated to obey their wishes in order to maintain peace. The Jewish leaders wanted to kill Jesus because he seemed to have contradicted the Ten Commandments. The first law states that the Israelites were to have no other gods other than Yahweh. The Sanhedrin had not listened to Jesus’ message well, so they assumed that he was blaspheming. The Israelites called Jesus the King of the Jews during his last years. This made the Sanhedrin jealous because he seemed more popular than they were. Furthermore, Jesus told the Jewish people that he would destroy the temple and build a new one. When the Jewish priests heard about this, they felt threatened because they realized that their authority would not be necessary. In order to preserve their position, they needed to eliminate this person who would invalidate them. Therefore, the Jewish leaders requested the Roman authorities to kill Jesus. After Christ’s death, the controversies did not end there; almost all quarters persecuted the early Christians. In certain instances, it was the Jews; in other scenarios, it was the Romans. The latter group had developed a distaste for Christianity owing to political and social reasons. In Romanic eyes, religion was not a separate entity from politics. They saw it as a way of preserving the sense of well being and order in the Roman Empire. Therefore, if another part of the empire tried to separate itself from the rest of the group, then this would spark hostility from the natives. They regarded Christianity as a serious threat to the unity of the Roman Empire. The Romans regarded Christians as antisocial because they had their own customs and practices. For instance, they spoke of the love feasts as well ‘drinking Jesus’ Blood’ and eating his body. These seemed like odd behaviors to the Romans who believed that the Jews were cannibals and immoral people. In fact, in the 2nd Century, the Romans accused Lyons martyrs of Oedipian intercourse and other orgies (Frend 7). One lawyer even stated that they had engaged in incestuous acts. Ignorance led to these misconceptions, but the Christian’s mysteriousness a lso contributed. The Roman Empire experienced some problems in the fifth Century. At this time, its people believed that they were in trouble because the gods were angry at them. They blamed Christians for making these continuous changes in their lives. The Romans called the Christians atheists because they had rejected the deities of the Roman Empire. The Romans always believed that delineation from the gods was a source of bad luck, and this took effect for many years to come. Despite the persecutions and horrific punishments, the Christian faith still spread so quickly. This occurred because Christianity was open to non Jews. In the beginning, the Christians tried to change the Jews, but it was only they after opening up to the rest of the world that they started expanding so quickly.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rise of Christianity in Medieval Europe specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Gentiles accounte d for the highest number of converts at the time. Nonetheless, these groups liked certain qualities found in Christianity. First, Christians disregarded the need to follow strict dietary laws or even practice male circumcision. Consequently, the Gentiles felt that they would fit into the group rather well. The most significant feature of Christianity that caused the Gentiles to consider it was its powerful message. Christians affirmed that they had come to bring salvation to the full human race. They did not care whether one was a servant or a master; all one needed was to believe in this God. At that time, society had various classes; consequently, the oppressed members felt that they would belong in this new faith. Christianity also grew quickly because it was not substantially different from pagan religions of the time. For example, the Egyptian goddess called Isis was quite similar to Mary because Mary was the mother of Jesus, who was also God. Christians chose to celebrate Jesu s’ birth on the 25th day of December rather than 6th January because the Christians at that time related to a pagan holiday. Many of them would join in the pagan celebrations even though they did not profess to their beliefs. Additionally, the Christians recognized the use of the rabbit and the egg during Easter. They borrowed this from another pagan practice. Contrary to Romanic expectations, the persecutions of Christians also contributed to the spread of Christianity. Instead of shunning this religion, many followers felt that it was quite honorable to die for what one believed in. Consequently, they embraced this possibility of death by claiming that it was a way of proving their worth before God. The church’s structure had a role to play in the development of the church. This organized structure contributed to further expansion of the religion. Lastly, Christianity grew quickly because of the missionaries involved in spreading the Gospel. In those early centuries, there was relative peace and stability. This aided the missionaries in their work because they could travel by sea to different corners of the world (McManners 44). The Church continued to grow, and started to become massive in the middle ages. However, because the church had taken on a political dimension, it started departing from the original teaching of the messiah. From as early as five hundred and ninety BC, the Roman Catholic Church declared the Pope as the servant of servants. Submission to the Pope was imperative for salvation. When one opposed the ruling of the Roman Catholic Church, then that person would be excommunicated. Furthermore, they claimed that one would lose one’s soul. The Church started loosing its belief in salvation by faith in Jesus.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From 14C AD, the Roman Catholic Church disregarded Augustinian teachings and embraced the Pelagius teaching. One would gain salvation through submission to the church and external obedience. The concept of living a faith-based life was not significant. Issues of sainthood came up; they claimed that one could reach sinless perfection through continual reception of grace. If one had not reached this level of perfection upon death, then one would go to purgatory. Some individuals even started to worship the saints as they acted as mediators between man and God. However, this differed from Christ’s teaching because Christ talked about justification; He died in order to justify believers by faith rather than sanctify them. The clergy became extremely powerful at the time. In addition, the Church introduced indulgences where priests would offer their services for sale. For instance, when one committed incest, one would pay five goats. They even had prices for murder, burglary, and deceit. All these activities contradicted the message of free salvation and forgiveness of sin as taught by Christ. The Roman Church controlled philosophies, morals, education, politics and religion itself. The middle ages were a dark time for Christianity because the faithful forgot fundamental Christian doctrines. The Christian faith is one of the most resilient churches in the world. It started with Jesus’ rejection and death; thereafter, the Romans persecuted the early Christians. However, its unique message drew the Gentiles to the church and accounted for its quick spread. The middle ages epitomized the distortion of the Christian message through excessive corruption of Christian doctrines by the Roman Catholic Church. Works Cited Frend, WIlliam. â€Å"Persecution in the Early Church.† Christian history, 27.3(2000): 7 McManners, John. The Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity. Madrid: OUP, 1999. Print. This essay on Rise of Christianity in Medieval Europe was written and submitted by user Chaim Schmidt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Amazing and Practical Uses of Hagfish Slime

The Amazing and Practical Uses of Hagfish Slime Hagfish slime is a gelatinous, protein-based substance secreted by hagfish in response to a threat. This gooey material has a surprising number of uses, and its unique properties may influence the future design of everything from clothing to missile defense. Key Takeaways: Hagfish Slime Hagfish slime is a protein-based, jelly-like substance emitted by hagfish as protection against predators.The slime is made up of strands that are stronger than nylon, thinner than human hair, and very flexible.  Because of these unusual properties, hagfish slime is used to produce durable, environmentally-friendly fabric. The slime has many other potential uses, which are being researched. Meet the Hagfish The hagfish is a slime-producing marine fish known for its lack of eyes and eel-like appearance. However, despite being nicknamed slime eels, these unique creatures arent eels at all. Rather, the hagfish is  jawless fish that possesses a skull, but no vertebral column. Its body is made up entirely of cartilage, like human ears and noses or the body of a shark. Because hagfish do not have skeletal systems, they can tie their bodies into knots. They often perform this feat while eating to increase the strength of their bite, and emitting slime to prevent the substance from choking them. Hagfish don’t have jaws, but they  do have two rows of â€Å"teeth† made of keratin, the same fibrous protein that  makes up the hair, hooves, and horns of other animals. They are scavengers that feed  on marine invertebrates and the carcasses  of marine life found on the seafloor. They dont have to rely on their teeth, either – theyre capable of absorbing nutrients through their bodies, and they can survive for months without eating. Hagfish are an important part of the marine ecosystem, and the slimy sea-dwellers are considered a delicacy in Korea. There is even a National Hagfish Day (the third Wednesday in October)  to celebrate the contributions of this unusual scavenger. The Characteristics of Hagfish Slime When a hagfish feels threatened, it releases  hagfish slime, a  protein-based, jelly-like substance  from  slime pores that run the length of its body. The slime is a thick glycoprotein excretion called mucin, which is the primary substance in mucus, commonly referred to as snot or phlegm. Unlike other types of mucus, however, hagfish slime doesn’t dry out.   The mucin is made up of  long, thread-like fibers, similar to  spider silk. These strands, which are arranged in bundles called skeins, are thinner than human hair, stronger than nylon, and extremely flexible.  When the skeins come into contact with seawater, the glue holding them together dissolves, allowing the slime to expand rapidly. It is said that one hagfish can fill a five-gallon bucket with slime in only a few minutes.  The slime  fills  the mouth and gills of  the hagfish’s  attacker, allowing  the hagfish  to escape. If a hagfish gets trapped in its own slime, it removes the gooey mess by tying its body into a knot. It then works the knot down the length of its body, pushing the slime off the end.   The Uses of Hagfish Slime Because of the strength, flexibility, and rapid expansion of hagfish slime, scientists are very interested in its potential uses. Researchers are experimenting with methods of creating man-made slime, since extracting the substance directly from hagfish is expensive and  stressful for  the animal. There are many possible  applications for hagfish slime. Hagfish are already used for making products such as â€Å"eel-skin† bags. The  strong, flexible fabrics made from hagfish slime could replace petroleum-based materials like nylon; the resulting fabric would be more durable and environmentally-friendly. Hagfish slime could be used in protective gear such as safety helmets and Kevlar vests. In the auto industry, hagfish slime could be used in airbags or to add lightweight strength and flexibility to car parts. Scientists think they may be able to use hagfish slime to create hydrogels that could be used in disposable diapers and farm irrigation systems. The U.S. Navy is currently working with hagfish slime in hopes of creating a substance that can protect divers from underwater attacks, fight fires, and even  stop missiles. Other  applications for hagfish slime include  tissue engineering and  replacing damaged tendons. Sources Bernards,  Mark A. et al. Spontaneous Unraveling Of Hagfish Slime Thread Skeins Is Mediated By A Seawater-Soluble Protein Adhesive.  Journal Of Experimental Biology, vol 217, no. 8, 2014, pp. 1263-1268.  The Company Of Biologists, doi:10.1242/jeb.096909.Mapp, Katherine. US Navy Synthetically Recreates Biomaterial To Assist Military Personnel.  Navy.Mil, 2017, navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id98521.Pacific Hagfish. Aquarium of the Pacific. aquariumofpacific.org/onlinelearningcenter/species/pacific_hagfish.Winegard, Timothy et al. Coiling And Maturation Of A High-Performance Fibre In Hagfish Slime Gland Thread Cells.  Nature Communications, vol 5, 2014.  Springer Nature, doi:10.1038/ncomms4534.

Chaucer And The Canterbury Tales English Literature Essay

Chaucer And The Canterbury Tales English Literature Essay In reading Geoffrey Chaucer’s most dramatic gallery of portraits in The General Prologue of his most renowned work, The Canterbury Tales, one understands why he is deemed the Father of the English Literary Canon. Chaucer, unlike no one of his time, set out to tell fresh and amusing tales simply to entertain fourteenth century England. The Canterbury Tales tells the tale of twenty-nine pilgrims who meet by chance at the Tabard Inn in Southwark right outside of London. These diverse, yet colorful pilgrims are on their way to visit the shrine of the martyr St. Thomas Becket at the Canterbury cathedral. At the urging of the innkeeper, then turned host they each agree to tell two tales each, one going to Canterbury and one returning. The Canterbury Tales is arranged like a framework, and are meant to the reveal the life of fourteenth century England through the embellished, but classic characters as well as glimpse into Chaucer’s own personal history. Chaucer was born in 13 40 a son of a wealthy London merchant. Like most well to do young boys, he became a page in a noble household. In Chaucer’s case, he became page to the Countess of Ulster, daughter-in-law of King Edward III. This is where Chaucer would have been educated in the values of the aristocratic culture of the time, including its literary tastes which were probably based on French models. While participating in the king’s military expedition against the French, he was captured and ransomed by the king. He became a squire in the king’s household, which required him to take diplomatic voyages abroad. These journeys brought him to Italy. Italy would have a strong influence on his later literary work as he was strongly influenced by Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio. He became Controller of the Customs of Hides, Skins and Wools in the port of London, which meant that he was a government official who worked with cloth importers. Chaucer’s experience overseeing imported c loths might be why he could describe his characters so precisely and vividly. After his return to London, he held numerous positions in government, including being a member of Parliament. So, we can see through looking at Chaucer’s history that he gained inspiration for his characters in The Canterbury Tales through his life and work experiences. Chaucer’s intense realism of his characters was virtually unknown to readers in the fourteenth century. He was able to bring people from many walks of life together in the General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales. The pilgrims represent a diverse cross section of fourteenth century English society, a portrait of the nation as a whole. Medieval social theory divided society into three broad classes, called â€Å"estates.† There was the military estate who ruled the clergy, who prayed, and the laity estate who worked. Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is an estate satire, which means that it was a critical commentary on the members of each estate. The Knight and Squire represent the military estate. The clergy estate is represented by the Prioress, her Secretary Nun, Priest, the Monk, the Friar, and the Parson. The other characters, such as the Merchant and Skipper are members of the laity. Chaucer’s descriptions of the various characters and their social roles reveal the influence of the medieval genre of estates satire.

Marketing 2500 24 hours Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing 2500 24 hours - Essay Example The paper discusses demand-supply, expected sales & market share analysis, analysis of market entry mode, & strategies and estimated budget. All the analysis has base on extensive literature, case studies, theoretical modes and sales tables and curves. The statics results reflect well and car marketers from many companies both local and foreign are having an advantage. Most large automotive industries are currently either investing much in China or developing new small car models preferred by most families in China. Companies such Toyota, Ford Motor, Honda, General Motors are presently investing in China through joint ventures with the Chinese counterparts effectively thus increasing market share competition. Unlike the large international automotive industries, China’s one is fragmented. Most cars are small ones with the huge companies producing up to 37% of the total output. However, China’s current cost of labor is significantly low and the government has referred to the situation as a pillar industry one with high growth potential. The car industry in China continues to be attractive because the tariffs reduction in the industry intends to continue too much lower in the next few years. The government also plans to put car import quotas. Price decrease in China is causing many other auto companies to reduce their prices consequently. In the next few years, companies in China are to face an over production of up to 20% of cars. China has expectation to host more than 140 million cars on its roads; this is much more than the present hence forcing the government to improve the transport infrastructure and services. Background The factory began a s a truck building factory producing their first Jie Fang CA-10 in 1956 by the assistance of Russian Soviet Union. The company began its operations with only 39 employees who travelled to Stalin Truck Factory to receive their learning experience and instructions on how to build and construct trucks. The co mpany is located at Changchun a city that was identified by the Soviet Union as the base of the factory. The city is also situated on the northern side of china, which is also near Russia. The company continued with its operations by also producing passenger cars in 1958. The company produces luxury vehicles that have gained popularity in the country. Due to a lot of fragmentation, the company has entered into ventures with other companies such as Volkswagen. The company has also moved to acquire Tianjin Automotive Xiali in September 2002. In 2009, the company entered a joint venture with Toyota and General Motors companies (Hu, 2006). China’s development concerning automotive is high i.e. recent statistics showed that every 1000 Chinese owned an average of 1.5 car units that is over the global average. Other governmental statistics also showed that almost 32% of the Chinese urban population intends to purchase cars in the next 5 years. Introduction The auto industry that is an important sector in China’s modernization and industrialization endeavors has been growing very fast since the 1990s. In the present past years, China has become the world’s greatest automotive manufacturers, with yearly production output of 18 million units in 2011. It is also currently the largest automotive market in the

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Leadership - Essay Example Leadership is a vital part of being a successful manager. Employees would tend to follow a good leader rather than a manager that does not posses leadership skills and will respond positively to their direction. A poor leader will often fail to win over staff and will have problems communicating with and organizing workers effectively. But what makes a good leader There have been a number of studies that have been carried out in order to answer this question. Some debate that leader's are born with innate abilities, aura or charisma that others will find appealing. While others argues that leaders can be trained to adopt the key attributes of a good leader and if there is desire and will power it is possible to be a good and effective leader. The traits that can be associated with a good leader form into three broad categories. Personality traits of a manager are those characteristics that combine together and form into an appealing personality that would be attractive and would influence others. Personality traits can be further divided into general personality traits and task-related traits. The general personality traits include extraversion, dominance, psychological adjustment and assertiveness. While task-oriented traits can be emotional intelligence, internal locus of control and also flexibility and adaptability to the changing work methods, environments or people. (Kelly, 2007) Motives is another aspect of the traits of a leader. Motives are revealed as the intentions seen in the behavior of leaders. Motives are also evident through the emotional energy which shows how important the leader considers things to be. The motives of the leader need to be clear. The motives are of four forms. Power, drive and achievement, strong work ethics and Tenacity. The power motive involves the leader influencing the actions and behaviors of others. Power is further divided in personalized power motive and socializes power motive. Personalized power motive is when the leaders pursue their own interests and use their power for their own self fulfillment considering it as a form of high-status and luxury. While, socializing power motive is when the leader uses the power in achieving organizational goals and to help others. The second form of motive is drive and achievement motive is very important it means that the leader has the motivation and persistent energy that is need ed in achieving goals. This motive also means that the leader will consider the aims of the organization as their own personal aims and thus, will put in extra effort in finding solutions, planning and taking risks and responsibilities. The strong work ethic motive involved the leader having a strong belief in work dignity. Workers with strong work ethic believe in working hard and not wasting and resources such as time. Intelligence in leader is as important as are other factors. Mental abilities are one of the important traits that a leader must posses. A person that is smart and mentally sharp solves difficult problems, brings a creative edge to the company and also inspires others and comes up as more sensible and thus, motivates people in his or her

Psychology Vocab Essay Example for Free

Psychology Vocab Essay Anal stage: the stage at which children advocate erotic pleasure with the elimination process Archetype: an inherited idea, based on the experiences of one’s ancestors, which shapes one’s perception of the world Altered states of consciousness: conscious level, preconscious level, and unconscious level Amnesia: a loss of memory that may occur after a blow to the head or as a result of brain damage Biofeedback: the process of learning to control bodily states with the help of machines monitoring the states to be controlled Bipolar: a disorder in which a person’s mood inappropriately alternates between feelings of mania and depression Client centered therapy: an approach developed by Carl Rogers that reflects the belief that the client and therapist are partners in therapy Conditioning: a type of learning that involves stimulus response connections in which the response is conditional to the stimulus Central nervous system: Spinal cord and the brain Classical conditioning: a learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a neutral stimulus Collective unconscious: the part of the mind that inherited instincts, urges, and memories common to all people Consciousness: an individual’s state of awareness, including a person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions Compulsion: an apparently irresistible urge to repeat an act or engage in ritualistic behavior such as hand washing Cross- sectional study: research method in which data is collected from groups of participants of different ages and compares so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age CS (Conditioned stimulus): a once neutral event that elicits a given response after a period of training in which it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus CR (conditioned response): a response by the conditioned stimulus; it is similar to the unconditioned response, but not identical in magnitude or amount Defense mechanism: Certain specific means by which the ego unconsciously protects itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances Dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality): a person exhibits two or more personality states, each with its own patterns of thinking and behaving Dependent variable: changes in relation to the independent variable Discrimination: the ability to respond differently to similar but distinct stimuli. 2. The unequal treatment of individuals on the basis of their race, ethnic group, age, gender, or membership in another category rather than on the basis of individual characteristics Depression: a psychological disorder characterized by extreme sadness, an inability to concentrate, and feelings of helplessness and dejection Superego: the part of the personality that is the source of conscience and contracts the socially undesirable impulses of the id Dopamine: Involved in learning, emotional, arousal, and movement Eidetic memory: the ability to remember with great accuracy visual information on the basis of short term exposure Extinction: in classical conditioning, the gradual disappearance of a conditional response because the reinforcement is withheld or because the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus Endocrine system: a chemical communication system using hormones, by which messages are sent through the blood stream, EEG (electroencephalograph): a machine used to record the electoral activity of large portions of the brain Extravert: an outgoing, active person who directs his or her energies and interests toward other people and things Electroshock therapy: also called (ECT), an electrical shock is sent through the brain to try to reduce symptoms of mental disturbance Ego: the part of the personality that is in touch with reality and strives to meet the demands of the id and the superego in socially acceptable ways Free association: a Freudian technique used to examine the unconscious; the patients instructed to say whatever comes into his or her mind Formal operations: the person is able to solve abstract problems Fixed ratio schedule: a pattern of reinforcement in which a specific number of correct responses is required before reinforcement can be obtained Fixed interval schedule: a pattern of reinforcement in which a specific amount of time must elapse before a response will elicit reinforcement Functional fixedness: a mental set characterized by the inability to imagine new functions for familiar objects Genital Stage: Freud’s fifth and final psychosexual stage during which an individual’s sexual satisfaction depends as much on giving pleasure as on receiving it Hypothalamus: regulates the autonomic nervous system Hallucinations: perceptions that have no direct external cause Hypothesis: an assumption or prediction about behavior that is tested through scientific research Identity crisis: A period of inner conflict during which adolescents worry intensely about who they are Id: in psychoanalytic theory, that part of the unconscious personality that contains our needs, drives, and instincts, as well as repressed material Independent variable: experimenters change or alter so they can observe its effects Imprinting: inherited tendencies or responses that are displayed by newborn animals when they encounter new stimuli in their environment Introvert: a reserved, withdrawn person who is more preoccupied with his or her inner thoughts and feelings than in what is going on around him or her Imitation: The third way of learning Latency Stage: the fourth stage of Freud’s psychosexual development at which sexual desires are pushed into the background and the child becomes involved in exploring the world and learning new skills Long term memory: the storage of information over extended periods of time Longitudinal study: research method in which data is collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development Lithium carbonate: a chemical used to counteract mood swings of bipolar disorder Maturation: the internally programmed growth of a child Meditation: the focusing of attention to clear one’s mind and produce relaxation Modeling: the process of learning behavior through observation and imitation of others Mnemonic devices: techniques of memorizing information by forming vivid associations or images, which facilitate recall and decrease forgetting Negative reinforcement: increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs Neurosis: One of the most commonly used diagnostic distinctions Oral Stage: Freud’s first stage of psychosexual development, in which infant’s associate erotic pleasure with the mouth Object permanence: Child’s realization that an object exists even when he or she cannot see or touch it Operant conditioning: a form of learning in which a certain action is reinforced or punished, resulting in corresponding increases or decreases in the likelihood that similar actions will occur again Obsession: a recurring thought or image that seems to be beyond control OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder): an anxiety disorder consisting of obsessions and compulsions Oedipus complex: seems more like a literary conceit that a thesis worthy of a scientifically minded psychologist Psychosexual stages: 1. Oral stage, 2.anal stage, 3.phallic stage, 4.latancy stage, 5.ganital stage Psychosocial stages: 1. Trust vs. mistrust, 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt, 3.initiative vs. guilt, 4. Industry vs. inferiority, 5. Identity vs. role confusion, 6. Intimacy vs. isolation, 7. Generativity vs. stagnation, 8. Ego integrity vs. Despair Pre-operational stage: emerges when the child begins to use mental images symbols to understand things Pituitary gland: â€Å"master gland† Psychosis: One of the most commonly used diagnostic distinctions Projective test: an unstructured test of personality in which a person is asked to respond freely, giving his or her own interpretation of various ambiguous stimuli Phallic stage: Freud’s third psychosexual stage, children associate sexual pleasure with their genitals Psychology: the scientific, systematic study of behaviors and mental processes Psychiatry: a branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders Psychotherapy: a general term for the application of psychological principles and techniques for any treatment used by therapists to help troubled individuals overcome their problems and disorders Positive reinforce: a stimulus that increases the likelihood that a response will occur again Psychoanalysis: a form of therapy aimed at making patients aware of their unconscious motives so that they can gain control over their behavior and free themselves of self-defeating patterns Reli ability: the ability of a test to give the same results under similar conditions REM sleep: a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, a high level of brain activity, a deep relaxation of the muscles, and dreaming Reinforcement schedule: an important factor in operant conditioning Random sample: One way to avoid a nonrepresentative sample Rorschach inkblot cards: 10 cards with inkblot designs and a system for interpreting responses Self –actualization: the humanist term for realizing one’s unique potential Shaping: technique of operant conditioning in which the desired behavior is â€Å"molded† by first rewarding any act similar to that behavior and then requiring ever-closer approximations to the desired behavior before giving the reward Short term memory: memory that is limited in capacity to about seven items and in duration by the subject active rehearsal Spontaneous recovery: the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed Selective attention: Focusing\ on only one detail of many Schizophrenia: a group of severe psychotic disorders characterized by confused and disconnected thoughts, emotions, behavior, and perceptions Separation anxiety: whenever the child is suddenly separated from the mother Superego: the part of the personality that is the source of conscience and contracts the socially undesirable impulses of the id Sensorimotor: the infant uses schemas that primarily involve his body and sensations Surrogate mothers: substitute mothers TAT (Thematic Apperception Test): This test consists of a series of pictures Thalamus: major relay station of the brain Unconscious: the part of the mind that holds mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories of which we are unaware but that strongly influences conscious behaviors UCR (Unconditioned response): an organism, automatic or natural reaction to a stimulus UCS (unconditioned stimulus): an event that elicits a certain predictable response without previous training Variable- ratio schedule: a pattern of reinforcement in which a specific amount of time must elapse before a response will elicit reinforcement Variable- interval schedule: a pattern of reinforcement in which changing amounts of time must elapse before a response will obtain reinforcement Validity: the ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure Theorists Carl Jung: (1875-1961) believed that people try to develop their potential as well as handle their instinctual urges. He distinguished between personal unconscious and the collective unconscious Alfred Adler: (1870-1937) believed that the driving force in people’s lives is a desire to overcome their feelings of inferiority Sigmund Freud: (1856-1939) believed that our conscious experiences are only the tip of the iceberg, that beneath the surface are primitive biological urges that are in conflict with the requirements of society and morality Erick Erickson: (1902-1994) believed that the need for social approval is just as important as a child’s sexual and aggressive urges Abraham Maslow: (1908-1970) tried to base his theory of personality on studies of healthy, creative, self actualizing people who fully utilize their talents and potential rather than on studies of disturbed individuals Carl Rogers: (1902-1987) believed that many people suffer from a conflict between wh at they value in themselves and what they believe that other people value in them John B. Watson 🙠 1878-1958) psychology should concern itself only with the observable facts of behavior. Said that all behavior is the result of conditioning and occurs because the appropriate stimulus is present in the environment Ivan Pavlov: (1849 -1936) charted another new course for psychological investigation. Demonstrated that a neutral stimulus can cause a formerly unrelated response B.F. Skinner 🙠 1904-1990) introduced the concept of reinforcement. Attempted to show how his laboratory techniques might be applied to society as a whole Albert Bandura: people direct their own behavior by their choice of models. Harry Harlow: (1905- 1981) studied the relationship between mother and child in a species closer to humans, the rhesus monkeys Galen: Identified four personality characteristics called melancholic, sanguine, choleric, and phlegmatic Alfred Binet: Karen Horney: (1885-1952) stressed the importance of basic anxiety. She believes that if a child is raised in an atmosphere of love and security, that child could avoid Freud’s psychosexual parent child conflict b Lawrence Kohlberg: His studies show how important being able to see other people’s points of view is to social development in general and to moral development of moral reasoning Jean Piaget: Discovered that knowledge builds as children grow. Children develop logic and think differently at different ages Lorenz Konrad: (1903- 1989) became a pioneer in the field of animal learning. He discovered that baby geese become attached to their mothers in a sudden, virtually permanent learning process called imprinting Stanley Milgram: conducted the most famous investigation of obedience in 1963. Wanted to determine whether participants would administer painful shocks to others merely because an authority figure had instructed them to do so James Marcia: main contribution is in clarifying the sources and nature of the adolescent identity crisis Philip Zimbardo: made the Zimbardo experiment Solomon Asch: designed what has become a classic experiment to test conformity to pressure from one’s peers Hermann Rorschach: made the inkblot test   Wilhelm Wundt: he proposed that psychological experience is composed of compounds, much like the ones found in chemistry Phillipe Pinel: Father of scientific psychiatry   Dorothea Dix: Chief spokesperson for reform

Essay on Escape in The Glass Menagerie -- Glass Menagerie essays

Escape in The Glass Menagerie In Tennessee Williams' play, The Glass Menagerie, none of the characters are capable of living in the real world. Laura, Amanda, Tom and Jim use various methods to escape the brutalities of life. Laura retreats into a world of glass animals and old gramophone records. Amanda is obsessed with living in her past. Tom escapes into his world of poetry writing and movies. Jim also reverts to his past and remembers the days when he was a hero. Laura retreats into a world of glass animals and old gramophone records. Even when it appears that Laura is finally overcoming her shyness and hypersensitivity with Jim, she instantly reverts back to playing the Victrola once he tells her he's engaged. She is unable to cope with the truth so she goes back to her fantasy world of records and glass figurines. Laura can only live a brief moment in the real. Amanda is obsessed with her past as she constantly reminds Tom and Laura of that 'one Sunday afternoon in Blue Mountain' when she received seventeen gentlemen callers (Williams 32). The reader cannot even be sure that this actually happened. However, it is clear that despite its possible falsity, Amanda has come to believe it. She refuses to acknowledge that her daughter is crippled and refers to her handicap as 'a little defect - hardly noticeable' (Williams 45). Only for brief moments does she ever admit that her daughter is 'crippled' and then she resorts back to denial. She doesn't perceive anything realistically. She believes that this gentleman caller, Jim, is going to be the man to rescue Laura and she hasn't even met him yet. She tells Laura when Laura is nervous about the gentleman caller, 'You couldn't be satisfied with just sitting home', whe... ...he major characters in this play are so warped and their lives so distorted and perverted by fantasies that each is left with only broken fragments of what might have been' (Davis 205). Works Cited Thompson, Judith J. Tennessee Williams' Plays: Memory, Myth, and Symbol. New York: Peter Land Publishing, Inc., 1987. Davis, Joseph K. "Landscapes of the Dislocated Mind in Williams' The Glass Menagerie." Tennessee Williams: A Tribute. Ed. Jac Tharpe. Hattiesburg: Heritage Printers, Inc., 1977. 192-206. Scanlan, Tom. "Family and Psyche in The Glass Menagerie." Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Glass Menagerie. Ed. R.B. Parker. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1983. 96-108. Williams, Tennessee. "The Glass Menagerie." Concise Anthology of American Literature. Ed. George McMichael. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1985. 2112-2156

Vice President for Information Technology and CIO at Radford University

September 19th, 2018, Mr. Danny M. Kemp spoke to our Enterprise Information Architecture class. Mr. Kemp is the Vice President for Information Technology and CIO at Radford University. He began by discussing his past experiences that led him to where he is now and what his responsibilities are. I am so glad that Dr. Pittges arranged Mr. Kemp as a guest speaker for us. Being an IT student myself, I am quite familiar with the rapid advancement of technologies over the past few decades and how it has been a challenge to the IT strategist to follow the latest trend and perform the business functionalities. We have the Division of Information Technology at Radford University, which is also responsible for fulfilling the technological needs of the faculty, students, and staffs. I think it must be really challenging to manage the entire division of IT. It was a great experience to hear from the man, Mr. Kemp, who is the person behind the scene for managing the Department of the IT. I was grateful when Mr. Kemp, who had been serving as a member of the President's executive cabinet, was sharing his experience. I was more surprised when he stated that he was responsible for providing vision, leadership, coordination and strategic planning for all the aspects of Information Technology at Radford University. It is quite amazing to learn how a person could manage several functionalities at the same time. I also learned that it is important to have a better understanding of technology trends that are applicable to client's business. I also realized that we need to keep a better articulation of tasks, deliverables, timelines and resources needed for any system. What I absorbed from Mr. Kemp's presentation is that we first need to develop some strategies and then only we should oversee the planning, evaluation, deployment and operation of the systems. The systems include areas such as IT infrastructure, enterprise systems, technology support services, web and mobile technologies, printing services, information security, electronic engineering and communication services, IT planning, policy and compliance, and IT project management. Every word he spoke felt like a word of wisdom to me. On the other hand, I was also quite happy to know his concerns regarding the security of the data of all the people directly and indirectly related to the university. It felt good when I knew that Duo – the two-factor authentication, which enhances security by adding a second layer of authentication to the login is also being implemented under his administration. I was personally very impressed by Mr. Kemp's presentation. He was very organized and very well informed about all the materials he was presenting. I strongly agree with Mr. Kemp's view on developing the strategies first for any business before trying to implement the planning and deployment. His presentation has affected me in a positive way. I am looking forward for the next guest speaker.

Kafka’s The Metamorphosis

Many literary critics were both awed and puzzled with Franz Kafka’s brilliantly written yet absurd, and often, grossly surreal form of writing. Die Verwandlung or The Metamorphosis is Kafka’s longest work, almost resembling a novel, and is also one of the most acclaimed. From the story of Gregor, who woke up one morning to find himself transformed into an insect (beetle), the readers can slowly see the exploration of an individual’s existence and the pain he experiences due to physical isolation and other people’s indifference.Using a purely psychological outlook, it is easy to view The Metamorphosis as a mirror of Kafka’s own demons–for every artist is said to impart a portion of his self into his works. Thus, The Metamorphosis may be Kafka’s own struggle with his past and present, a personal process that gradually made its way to the writer’s conscious writings and developed into a nightmarish plot about the life of Gregor Sam za who curiously transmuted into a physically hideous creature. This is why Kafka stands to gain the empathy and compassion of viewers when the story is told from the standpoint of Gregor.First, Kafka is a struggling writer early on in his life. He lived his life in emotional dependence on his parents. There were mixed feelings of love and hate   and though he longed to marry, he considered   sex as dirty. By choosing Gregor as the main character who experiences the transformation, he elicits the empathy of readers even as he performs a lackluster life.(Franz Kafka. 1883-1924). In the story, Gregor Samza is the pillar that supports his family. He is a fairly successful salesman and earns enough to pay off his father’s debt and bring food on the table. He is the one who strives hard for the family’s upkeep.When the tragedy happens to him and not to any member of the family, then, the repercussions are greater. The pillar of their family is suddenly gone and they hav e to strive to go about their daily lives without his help. In fact, they have to bear the burden of seeing a horrible creature in their house and then to think that the creature is Gregor, back to pretending that their lives are normal, nevertheless.Second, Kafka had no intention of publishing any of his works.   He actually wanted it destroyed. It was his friend Max Brod who pursued its publication. Thus, Kafka, actually had all the liberty to create Gregor as the target of all his frustrations and dependency feelings. He gained all the outlet to release these emotions and then destroy it in the end. It gave a vicarious feeling of relief to him. (Franz Kafka. 1883-1924).Lastly, Kafka felt a certain kind of weakness despite the rebellion he showed. Creating Gregor as the brunt of all his impotence gave an apt target for the same kind of impotence that Gregor had to be imbued with. .(Franz Kafka. 1883-1924).We find reasons for Kafka’s way of telling the story because Kafka never worked as a traveling salesman nor even experienced acting as a primary financier for his family. Yet a parallelism can be seen between the two men, both before and after Gregor’s transformation. Gregor knows his father’s ruthless temper, and with respect for the old man intermingles fear. There are scenes in the story where the older Samsa demonstrates this merciless attitude towards his son because of the latter’s repugnant appearance.Mr. Samsa cruelly shoves Gregor into his room using a walking cane, and during a stressful encounter, pelts him with apples wherein an apple lodges into his insect back and begins to rot (Kafka 37-38). Nevertheless, it was through Gregor that Kafka was able to show how goodness permeates in everyone, but only when instances are happy and perfect. When things turn to worst, individuals resort to a coping strategy that alienates the ugly and the useless.Putting Gregor as the member of the family that is transformed into an in sect gives us a glimpse of how Kafka may have felt at times in his life. Apart from the refined and healthy appearance, Kafka was depressed most of the time. It was known that he suffered from migraine, constipation, and boils, which are all products of pent-up stress and unhealthy emotions common to those with troubled pasts   (â€Å"Franz Kafka†).No wonder that the bizarre dominated his form of expression, probably as a form of a release from the rigid normality that imprisons individuals into normalness. In fact, there is no other way of invoking from the readers such strong feelings akin to the emotions of the writer than by using frightful and graphic images resembling man’s outlandish nightmares.   Then again, Kafka never wanted some of his works published for the entire world to read. Writing is sacred for Kafka, and a refuge from a seemingly menacing and indifferent world (Franz Kafka. Books and Writers).Gregor’s transformation into a beetle is paral lel to Kafka’s acquiring of tuberculosis. The physical degradation means the collapse of a person’s once important status and the revulsion of others. At first, loved ones react with grief whilst trying to be considerate to the afflicted one. In the long run, however, those with debilitating weaknesses are soon scorned. This long-time fear of being weak and being segregated translated into writing, while Kafka tried his best to look normal even when recuperating.Kafka’s tuberculosis purportedly affected his writings in such a way that his stories show â€Å"fear of physical and mental collapse,† which was of course also seen in The Metamorphosis (Franz Kafka). Further, the nightmarish plots pertain to â€Å"dehumanization† as exemplified with Samsa’s metamorphosis into an insect. Even more frightening is the effect of this dehumanization, wherein everything beautiful, even Grete’s kind-heartedness, comes to its fearful end.For some re aders, The Metamorphosis is allegorical. Reading the story makes one constantly hope for a totally different conclusion, or if not, for some figurative message hidden behind the lines. Yet what happened in the story is totally literal and blunt: Gregor died as a beetle, his death comes silently in the night. It is devoid of any melodrama or of any dramatic revelations, so that the whole meaning or essence of the story is left for the readers to figure out. Kafka’s literature, The Metamorphosis included, have since served as windows into the late writer’s own life and soul: his experiences, fears and tribulations. His works are full of the complexities that are deemed as representative of the human existence, and most importantly, complexities that endlessly haunted the author until his end.Kafka stands to be redeemed of his supposedly ordinary existence, even if temporary, in the way he depicted Gregor. All the angst that Kafka experienced in his life poured out on Gre gor who had to bear the brunt of his disappointments. He made Gregor useless by transforming him into a hideous insect in order to assuage his own uselessness.   It had to be Gregor because he was the breadwinner. When Gregor dies in the end, the impact is great because as Kafka writes it, that there is a heavy weight lifted from the spirit of the family and their mourning is short.The story ends with the whole family driving into the countryside and their parents’ thoughts wondering about how to find a husband for Grete. There is a great sadness in the way Kafka decides to end his story because Gregor is not missed at all, but instead, his parents just try to find ways of looking for a possible husband for Grete—a replacement for Gregor who was their breadwinner. In the final analysis, Kafka succeeds in getting the sympathy of readers as he wove his story until Gregor’s death.Works CitedKafka, Franz. Appelbaum, Stanley (trans.). The Metamorphosis and Other St ories. New York: Dover. 1996.â€Å"Franz Kafka.† In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 7 Dec 2006. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at:https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franz_Kafka&oldid=92749510â€Å"Franz Kafka.† Books and Writers. 2002. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at:â€Å"Franz Kafka. (1883-1924).† Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at:http://www.levity.com/corduroy/kafka.htm

How to Create an Effective Book Publicity Plan

How to Create an Effective Book Publicity Plan Creating an Effective and Timely Book Publicity Plan Publicity is a commonly misunderstood side of book marketing - it's often assumed that a publicists job is to get reviews and interviews. But this is just the tip of your book publicity plan - there is so much more a book's launch team needs to do, according to this new post from publicist Coleen Hatrick.Self-publishing is a ton of work –   getting the manuscript written, copyedited, revisions, choosing text layout, and the cover design all come first. Consequently, for many first-time authors – publicity, and marketing become afterthoughts. It is well-nigh impossible to get decent attention for your book if you start the PR campaign after publication.Timing is everything to run a successful PR campaign. As an experienced book publicist, I regularly turn down work offers from first-time authors who wait until it is too late to get in touch with Publicity and Marketing. It's a real shame, especially when I'm faced with a captivating manuscript that deserves some lime light.So how can you make sure you're ready to work with a professional publicist or marketer in the run-up to your launch date? J.K. Rowling's Amazon Author PageReach out to blogs.  Contact bloggers you have some rapport with and offer a blog post, exclusive extracts, interview to go out at publication time. Send your media kit.Set your book to pre-order.  You or your marketer can create a product page on Amazon, Nook, and Apple Books. Upload your finalized cover design and favorable or engaging quotes from early readers. Don’t forget to include links to the content related to this book.Finalize interview dates.  Local radio and papers will book interviews at this stage, or sometimes closer to their publication date. If your publicist has been in contact with them before, they should confirm that they’re on the case.Host a cover reveal.  You can do this yourself on your website, Facebook, Twitter or work with a blog. Think about which will have the biggest reach.Leak short extracts from the book on Twitter or InstagramActivate your network!  Get the word out to your contacts, friends, and colleague networks. A publicist should be able to access your social media accounts or you can agree/author content and frequency/schedule together. It can be daunting to involve these connections, but that’s what the launch party is for.Take pictures at your party. Encourage attendees to share the joy and decide on a #hashtag to use. Bring copies of your books and little postcards advertising it. And remember to have a blast!Publication week and beyondShow-off on social media!  Share pictures of the physical book. Keep your followers updated with great quotes, mentions, compliments and likes. Post any media coverage you’ve received and remember to tag the outlet (which can get them to repost).Set up a Google alert.  Use the book title  and your name. Additionally, you may set a separate alert on the main subject/topic in order to tie in or offer comment to related trending news.Sign up to HARO (Help a Reporter Out). A free media sourcing service where report er's request stories linked to what they are working on. The requests come in twice a day. Prepare for your inbox to fill-up.Share your media hits.  Media hits beget more media. The right story can get picked up overnight, and some go viral. Add a ‘praise’ sheet to your media kit, and update your website  and Amazon page.Set up an online QA session on Twitter QA or Facebook QAGo local.  Your publicist can pitch for local radio interviews, and local TV now. Shape your talking points to the particular outlet. It really helps to be familiar with the programmes.Freebies.  Some blogs and some local radio outlets love having prizes to offer their audience.Events.  This is an effective way to keep connecting with your future readers and can be spread out over the ensuing year.We hope this timetable is beneficial and clarifies why it is important to start the publicity and marketing process early. There is room for creativity and imagination in promoting your work. Wi th so much competition and distraction vying for attention, it is reassuring to know that you are doing everything you can for your book.Self-publishing and working for small start-up publishers are quite different to working for big powerhouse companies and can be consequently much harder to be heard in a public arena.  Meanwhile, the book trade is showing signs of a refreshing rebirth thanks to the rise of independent small publishers, and confident self-publishing authors.Coleen Hatrick is a former in-house Publicity Manager UK at Oxford University Press. Including a stint in NYC, she has over 10 years experience in Academic Trade books, journals, and online products. She is now working as a freelance publicist in both markets and she can be found on the Reedsy Marketplace.

Traditional concept of domicile in accordance with English Law Essay

Traditional concept of domicile in accordance with English Law - Essay Example Many have observed that with the growing modernity, the rules regarding the loss and acquisition of domicile have become increasingly artificial and complex. Indeed it is correct to conclude that despite the significance of the concept of domicile, the rules for determining a persons domicile is unnecessarily complicated, technical, and sometimes leading to absurd results (Law Reform Commission 2004). The division of the concept of domicile into three types (domicile of origin, dependency, and choice) is one of the reasons for legal complications. The distinctions do not provide smooth and intelligible rules. Hence this unnecessary complexity led to calls for needed reforms, mostly premised on the idea that one general concept may suffice as a connecting factor in determining a person’s status and affairs. A radical yet widely supported proposal is the abolition of the domicile of origin and dependency. North believed that the abolition of domicile of origin and dependency in favor of one concept has the positive effect of simplifying the position (as cited in Law Reform Commission 2004). As a result, certain gaps in the existing common law rules will be settled. For instance, there is a gap with respect to determining the domicile of dependency of a child without parents. It must be noted that under the general rule a legitimate child follows the domicile of the father, while an illegitimate child that of the mother. There is however no clear rules with respect to those children without mother and father. Furthermore, it has been rationalized that there is no clear justification at least in principle for making a child’s domicile dependent on the parent’s marital status or whether the child is legitimate or not (Law Reform Commission 2004). There are those who voiced that the proposed changes in the law on domicile is a significant

Which Housing Should I Get Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Which Housing Should I Get - Assignment Example The report gives an overview of the labor market and local housing conditions in Salt Lake County, which is my area of residence near my family home. Also, the housing analysis report includes the calculations of how much money I will earn after graduation, as well as the affordable homes for rent. There is a consideration of the mortgage interest rates in case I will buy a house. In addition, the paper discusses the pros and cons of the interested properties and their location, as well as, the assumptions made before coming to the final housing choice. The current status of the job market is still poor, having in mind that the American economy is recovering from the global financial crisis of 2008. The rate of youth unemployment remains high although it is unpredictable in the future. However, the labor and housing markets have recently started recovering and thus there is hope for employment of the youths (Utah Economic Council, 2014). Based on the current status of the jobs market, one can only get a short term employment contract earning you a living wage. It is sensible for a fresh graduate getting such a salary to rent a house after graduation, although some may borrow loans in the form of mortgages to buy houses, with the aid of their parents. The level of income usually affects the type of a house one lives and the standards of living, as well. The housing conditions are reportedly to have improved due to the on-going recovery of the economy from the Great Recession. However, there is a likelihood of the increase in housing prices in the coming few years and, for this reason, many people are opting for buying their homes (Utah Economic Council, 2014). Currently, in Utah, the mortgage default rates are high, and many people are going bankrupt. It is a hard decision to make for whoever is willing to get housing facilities from this county. From the facts of the housing markets, it is evident that housing is costly and also a unique consumer product