Organisational Behaviour and Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organisational Behaviour and Tourism - Essay Example ‘ Kotter’s 8-Step Change Model for Leading Change’ leadership thoughts viewed 3 May 2013 16 Introduction In current economic times, internal and external factors that affect an organization are changing at a very fast and sometimes the future is unpredictable especially for multinational companies that operate in different external environmental factors such as political, economic, social and technological factors. The organization needs to redevelop a strategy to survive, adjust and continue operating in the hard times (Ates and Bititci 2011, P. 5601). The ability to overcome the challenges that comes with the changes helps the business to grow and offer innovative products to its customers. Global economic down turn is causing turbulence in business environment and many companies have not been able to achieve their goals and profitability and therefore the need to change their business strategy as well as restructuring their operations. Changes in an organizatio n if not properly planned and implemented may fail to attain the expected objectives affecting the organization negatively. In some cases the managers fail to involve their employees in the planning stage and there the employees who are the implementors resist the changes especially if the changes have a negative impact on them (Blomme 2012, P. 9). In a dynamic business environment, the situations that necessitated the change may seize to exist and the execution of the planned changes may create more challenges. To avoid the negative impacts of changes in an organization the company need to conduct an analysis of their current position and understand its future expectations’, analysis their business environment and involve all the stakeholders, design the strategy, predict the outcomes and prepare to handle the negative outcome. This paper will critically evaluate the current position of the France based Car Parts manufacturing company and recommend the best approach the mana gers can take to avert the expected outcomes through several theories and outcomes. D2 Company D2 is a multinational car spare parts manufacturing company that operates in three countries namely France, Spain and United Kingdom. The company’s headquarter based in France where it also operates two manufacturing plants and one plant the other countries. The main objective of the company is to increase their profitability by product improvements, improving and developing their employees and use of advanced technology. Previously the company has managed to offer valuable returns to its shareholders by sustaining their competitive advantages despite the ever increasing competition from other organization especially companies based in low cost regions. The current economic hard economic times that have changed the supply and demand chain due to high cost of living and low purchasing power on non basic products the company is not able to meet its objectives. The company’s to management has in turn formulated a new strategy to reduce the management and production cost by stopping manufacturing of some products and operating less facilities. However they have not involved their staff and they are yet to inform them of their decision and in fact the top managers have created the impression that they will be expanding some of their facilities soon. This strategy may have negative impact o

Environmental Toxicology. Oil Spills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental Toxicology. Oil Spills - Essay Example The catastrophe instantly hit the dwellers of neighboring regions as about 6000 metric tons of oil were observed along the beaches in Mexico and even the United States, and the rest of the oil sank to the bottom of the Gulf. It resulted in a drastic reduction (up to 70 percent) of amount of fish as was marked by the locals (Arne, 1981). This predictably had an impact on economical life of the region as most of the dwellers earned their living by fishing. Miglierini (2010) in his article claims that a number of factors decreased harmful consequences substantially. Among them it is possible to name high sea temperatures, which contributed to faster oil diffusion, and the flows in the part of the sea. Nevertheless, the long-term effects of the oil spill can still be witnessed in Mexico. According to Arne (1981), the decline of flora and fauna in the tidal zone was marked by reduction of certain species of crabs and fish as well as extinction of several species of algae, sea grasses, and corals. Due to its chemical toxicity (in the vicinity of the well) and through its physical properties (stickiness) the oil from the Ixtoc I blow-out acutely affected the species by changing their distinctive properties in the Campeche Bay area. Even after three decades the remnants of the oil spill linger in water an on land: it is possible to find tar mats (almost the same materials as the asphalt on the highways) among the reefs. Despite scientific e vidence, dwellers of the area are persuaded that strange black formations of coagulated oil noticed along the coast are the heritage of the catastrophe on Ixtoc I (Miglierini, 2010). Moreover, the most unpleasant evidence were contamination of brooks and sandy bays which resulted in decrease in reproduction of certain species of fish and birds. Nevertheless, few decades later the scientists marked the populations of endangered species